Give step-by-step solution with explanation and final answer:
Data Table 4: Reaction Rate Summary Trial Initial Concentration H, O (9) Initial Concentration IKIM) Rate Trial 13% 6 Tha 23% 322594 Trial

Question

Give step-by-step solution with explanation and final answer:
Data Table 4: Reaction Rate Summary Trial Initial Concentration H, O (9) Initial Concentration IKIM) Rate Trial 13% 6 Tha 23% 322594 Trial 3 6 Reaction Rates Once the solutions have been mixed, Flask 1 will be swirled until water starts moving out of Flask 2 and into the graduated cylinder. Then, the timer will be started. The time on the timer will be recorded for every 2 mL of water displaced until 20 mL total has been displaced 05 :05 Click Anywhere to Continue ollow the instructions and prompts on screen to start the Reaction Rates digital exercise. Reaction Rates Record the data below in Table 1 before continuing the experiment. ml water displaced Time (seconds

)2 44 4

79 6

111 8

140 10

169 12

197 14

225 16

248

18 27

Click Anywhere to continue Once the solutions have been mixed, Flask 1 will be swirled until water starts moving out of Flask 2 and into the graduated cylinder. Then, the timer will be started. The time on the timer will be recorded for every 2 mL of water displaced until 20 mL total has been displaced. 08:30 Click Anywhere to cêntinue Reaction Rates Record the data below in Table 2 before con

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# Step-by-Step Solution to Reaction Rate Data

This experiment uses water displacement to the progress of a chemical reaction over time. We are given three different trials, each with a record of the time taken for every 2 mL of water displaced (up to 20 mL).

## 1. Organize the Data

### **Trial 1**
| mL Water Displaced | Time (s) |
|--------------------|----------|
| 2                  | 44       |
| 4                  | 79       |
| 6                  | 111      |
| 8                  | 140      |
| 10                 | 169      |
| 12                 | 197      |
| 14                 | 225      |
| 16                 | 248      |
| 18                 | 277      |
| 20                 | 304      |

### **Trial 2**
| mL Water Displaced | Time (s) |
|--------------------|----------|
| 2                  | 73       |
| 4                  | 139      |
| 6                  | 170      |
| 8                  | 200      |
| 10                 | 250      |
| 12                 | 303      |
| 14                 | 325      |
| 16                 | 404      |
| 18                 | Not given|
| 20                 | Not given|

### **Trial 3**
| mL Water Displaced | Time (s) |
|--------------------|----------|
| 2                  | 48       |
| 4                  | 95       |
| 6                  | 134      |
| 8                  | 173      |
| 10                 | 208      |
| 12                 | 242      |
| 14                 | 277      |
| 16                 | 314      |
| 18                 | 350      |
| 20                 | Not given|

---

## 2. Calculate the Rate for Each Interval

**Average Rate = Δ(Volume) / Δ(Time)**  
Since the volume increases in steps of 2 mL, the average rate over each interval is:  
$$
\text{Rate} = \frac{2\, \text{mL}}{t_2 - t_1}
$$

Let's do this for the first several points in **Trial 1** as an example.

### Trial 1: Calculate Average Rate for Each 2 mL Interval

| Interval | Time Start (s) | Time End (s) | Δt (s) | Rate (mL/s)    |
|----------|----------------|--------------|--------|----------------|
| 2–4      | 44             | 79           | 35     | 2 / 35 = .057 |
| 4–6      | 79             | 111          | 32     | 2 / 32 = .0625|
| 6–8      | 111            | 140          | 29     | 2 / 29 = .069 |
| 8–10     | 140            | 169          | 29     | 2 / 29 = .069 |
| 10–12    | 169            | 197          | 28     | 2 / 28 = .071 |
| 12–14    | 197            | 225          | 28     | 2 / 28 = .071 |
| 14–16    | 225            | 248          | 23     | 2 / 23 = .087 |
| 16–18    | 248            | 277          | 29     | 2 / 29 = .069 |
| 18–20    | 277            | 304          | 27     | 2 / 27 = .074 |

---

## 3. Determine Overall Average Rate

For the overall rate for each trial:
$$
\text{Overall Average Rate} = \frac{\text{Total Volume}}{\text{Total Time}}
$$

### **Trial 1**
- Total Volume = 20 mL
- Total Time = 304 s (from  to 304 s)
- Rate = 20 / 304 ≈ **.0658 mL/s**

### **Trial 2**
- Total Volume = 16 mL (since only up to 16 mL is provided)
- Total Time = 404 s
- Rate = 16 / 404 ≈ **.0396 mL/s**

### **Trial 3**
- Total Volume = 18 mL (since only up to 18 mL is provided)
- Total Time = 350 s
- Rate = 18 / 350 ≈ **.0514 mL/s**

---

## 4. Summary Table

| Trial   | Total Volume (mL) | Total Time (s) | Overall Rate (mL/s) |
|---------|-------------------|----------------|---------------------|
| Trial 1 | 20                | 304            | .0658              |
| Trial 2 | 16                | 404            | .0396              |
| Trial 3 | 18                | 350            | .0514              |

---

## 5. Explanation

- The rate is calculated as the change in volume divided by the change in time for each interval or for the overall process.
- The overall rate gives a measure of how fast the reaction proceeds under the conditions of each trial.
- Comparing rates shows the effect of changing conditions (not specified here, but could be concentrations, temperature, etc.).

---

## Final Answers

**The average reaction rates for each trial are:**
- **Trial 1:** $ .0658\ \text{mL/s} $
- **Trial 2:** $ .0396\ \text{mL/s} $
- **Trial 3:** $ .0514\ \text{mL/s} $

These values represent the average rates at which water was displaced (and thus the reaction proceeded) in each trial.

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