Let's solve each part step by step: ### 8. Complete the table. #### **Column meanings:** - **Atomic symbol:** Element symbol. - **Atomic number:** Number of protons. - **Protons:** Same as atomic number. - **Neutrons:** Atomic mass - protons. - **Electrons:** For neutral atoms, same as protons. - **Atomic mass:** Protons + Neutrons (rounded to nearest whole number). Let's fill each row: --- #### **Row 1: B** - **Atomic number:** 5 (Boron) - **Protons:** 5 - **Neutrons:** 6 - **Electrons:** 5 (neutral atom) - **Atomic mass:** 5 + 6 = 11 --- #### **Row 2:** (Atomic number: 11) - **Atomic symbol:** Na (Sodium) - **Atomic number:** 11 - **Protons:** 11 - **Neutrons:** 13 (24 - 11 = 13) - **Electrons:** 11 - **Atomic mass:** 24 (given) --- #### **Row 3:** (Protons: 31, Neutrons: 37) - **Atomic symbol:** Ga (Gallium) - **Atomic number:** 31 - **Protons:** 31 - **Neutrons:** 37 - **Electrons:** 31 - **Atomic mass:** 31 + 37 = 68 --- #### **Row 4:** (Electrons: 39, Atomic mass: 89) - **Atomic symbol:** Y (Yttrium) - **Atomic number:** 39 - **Protons:** 39 - **Neutrons:** 89 - 39 = 50 - **Electrons:** 39 - **Atomic mass:** 89 --- #### **Row 5:** (Atomic number: 29, Neutrons: 35) - **Atomic symbol:** Cu (Copper) - **Atomic number:** 29 - **Protons:** 29 - **Neutrons:** 35 - **Electrons:** 29 - **Atomic mass:** 29 + 35 = 64 --- #### **Row 6:** (Protons: 43, Atomic mass: 100) - **Atomic symbol:** Tc (Technetium) - **Atomic number:** 43 - **Protons:** 43 - **Neutrons:** 100 - 43 = 57 - **Electrons:** 43 - **Atomic mass:** 100 --- #### **Row 7:** Pb, Neutrons: 125 - **Atomic symbol:** Pb (Lead) - **Atomic number:** 82 - **Protons:** 82 - **Neutrons:** 125 - **Electrons:** 82 - **Atomic mass:** 82 + 125 = 207 --- #### **Row 8:** (Atomic number: 89, Neutrons: 136, Atomic mass: 225) - **Atomic symbol:** Ac (Actinium) - **Atomic number:** 89 - **Protons:** 89 - **Neutrons:** 225 - 89 = 136 - **Electrons:** 89 - **Atomic mass:** 225 --- #### **Row 9:** Mo, Electrons: 53, Atomic mass: 206 - **Atomic symbol:** I (Iodine) - **Atomic number:** 53 - **Protons:** 53 - **Neutrons:** 206 - 53 = 153 - **Electrons:** 53 - **Atomic mass:** 206 --- #### **Row 10:** (Protons: 81, Atomic mass: 206) - **Atomic symbol:** Tl (Thallium) - **Atomic number:** 81 - **Protons:** 81 - **Neutrons:** 206 - 81 = 125 - **Electrons:** 81 - **Atomic mass:** 206 --- #### **Row 11:** (Atomic number: 100, Neutrons: 159, Atomic mass: 259) - **Atomic symbol:** Fm (Fermium) - **Atomic number:** 100 - **Protons:** 100 - **Neutrons:** 159 - **Electrons:** 100 - **Atomic mass:** 100 + 159 = 259 --- #### **Row 12:** No, Atomic mass: 261 - **Atomic symbol:** No (Nobelium) - **Atomic number:** 102 - **Protons:** 102 - **Neutrons:** 261 - 102 = 159 - **Electrons:** 102 - **Atomic mass:** 261 --- #### **Row 13:** Yb, Neutrons: 106, Atomic mass: 172 - **Atomic symbol:** Yb (Ytterbium) - **Atomic number:** 70 - **Protons:** 70 - **Neutrons:** 172 - 70 = 102 - **Electrons:** 70 - **Atomic mass:** 172 --- #### **Row 14:** (Protons: 106, Neutrons: 159) - **Atomic symbol:** Sg (Seaborgium) - **Atomic number:** 106 - **Protons:** 106 - **Neutrons:** 159 - **Electrons:** 106 - **Atomic mass:** 106 + 159 = 265 --- ### 9. Write the symbol for the following isotopes: A. A = 56 and Z = 26 **Symbol:** \( ^{56}_{26}Fe \) (Iron-56) B. Mass number = 11, Protons = 5 Atomic number 5 is Boron, so **symbol:** \( ^{11}_{5}B \) (Boron-11) C. Mass number = 226, Electrons = 88 For a neutral atom, electrons = protons. Atomic number 88 is Radium. **Symbol:** \( ^{226}_{88}Ra \) (Radium-226) --- ## **Summary Table (Filled)** | Atomic symbol | Atomic number | Protons | Neutrons | Electrons | Atomic mass | |:-------------:|:-------------:|:-------:|:--------:|:---------:|:-----------:| | B | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 11 | | Na | 11 | 11 | 13 | 11 | 24 | | Ga | 31 | 31 | 37 | 31 | 68 | | Y | 39 | 39 | 50 | 39 | 89 | | Cu | 29 | 29 | 35 | 29 | 64 | | Tc | 43 | 43 | 57 | 43 | 100 | | Pb | 82 | 82 | 125 | 82 | 207 | | Ac | 89 | 89 | 136 | 89 | 225 | | I | 53 | 53 | 153 | 53 | 206 | | Tl | 81 | 81 | 125 | 81 | 206 | | Fm | 100 | 100 | 159 | 100 | 259 | | No | 102 | 102 | 159 | 102 | 261 | | Yb | 70 | 70 | 102 | 70 | 172 | | Sg | 106 | 106 | 159 | 106 | 265 | --- ### **Isotope Symbols:** A. \( ^{56}_{26}Fe \) B. \( ^{11}_{5}B \) C. \( ^{226}_{88}Ra \) Let me know if you need the table in a specific format!

1. Complete table with protons, neutrons, electrons, atomic mass. 2. Isotopes: a) \(^{56}_{26}\mathrm{Fe}\) b) \(^{11}_{5}\mathrm{B}\) c) \(^{226}_{88}\mathrm{Ra}\)

The concepts used involve understanding atomic structure, specifically how protons, neutrons, and electrons relate to atomic number and atomic mass. Protons define the element and are equal to the atomic number; neutrons are found by subtracting protons from the atomic mass; electrons balance protons in neutral atoms. For isotopes, the mass number (protons + neutrons) and atomic number identify the isotope, allowing us to write its symbol. This knowledge helps complete the table and identify specific isotopes.

The concepts used in answering this question revolve around atomic structure and isotopes. Each atom is characterized by its atomic number (number of protons), which defines the element. The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass number, which is the total count of protons and neutrons. Electrons in a neutral atom equal the number of protons, ensuring electrical neutrality. When dealing with isotopes, the key is to recognize that isotopes have the same number of protons but different neutron counts, which results in different atomic masses. The isotope notation combines the mass number (protons + neutrons) as the superscript and the atomic number as the subscript to specify the particular isotope of an element. Using these principles, we can accurately fill in the missing data in the table and identify the correct isotope symbols for various given atomic configurations.